![]() ![]() not proven cause and effect) with an increased risk of death from all causes, in particular when combined with other central nervous system depressants such as alcohol or opioids. More generally, the harmful effects of benzodiazepines, other than the risk of dependence with long-term use, have been associated (i.e.Patients over 60 years of age seem to have the most significant risk of harm with benzodiazepine use relating to falls, fractures and cognitive decline.Paradoxical stimulation and disinhibition (especially at high doses), leading patients to behave out of character and potentially placing themselves in dangerous situations because of an impaired perception of inherent risk in particular in sexual behaviour, and reckless driving.Depression which may be aggravated or that first appears during benzodiazepine use, possibly by reducing the output of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and noradrenaline.Anxiety that patients may experience when they take benzodiazepines over a long time, or after stopping long-term use (rebound anxiety).According to some studies, an increased risk of dementia may also appear. A range of cognitive and psychomotor effects may persist after withdrawal. Benzodiazepines have especially been shown to also impair vision, attention, information processing, memory, motor coordination, and combined-skill tasks. ![]() Cognitive impairment, which includes sedation, drowsiness, learning impairment, psychomotor slowing, and short-term amnesia.The main recognized side effects of benzodiazepine use are: What are the main side effects of benzodiazepines? Their properties, causing inhibitory effects throughout the brain, may also yield to drowsiness and cognitive impairment, dampening of emotions such as fear and anxiety, memory impairment, and impairment of balance, motor control, muscle tone and coordination. Benzodiazepines may have significant interactions with other drugs that are also eliminated by the liver. The pharmacological effects are non-selective and benzodiazepines may be short, medium, or long acting, depending on the speed and mechanisms by which they are eliminated from the body. In particular, benzodiazepines have been shown to be one of the most effective drugs class in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. mania and hypomania (a mood state characterized by persistent disinhibition and pervasive euphoric with or without irritable mood).On this basis, benzodiazepines are prescribed for a broad range of conditions including: This results in four basic properties that give rise to their clinical use: What are the pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines?īenzodiazepines affect brain activity they induce lower activity of the central nervous system by acting on a specific receptor of nervous cells. By the 1970s, they were among the most prescribed drugs in the world. Benzodiazepines were then commonly used and prescribed short- and long-term, for anxiety, depression, insomnia, some mental illnesses and neuromuscular conditions. When they arrived into clinical practice in the 1960s, benzodiazepines responded to what was a pressing mental health need at that time, and appeared safe due to a paucity of side effects in comparison to barbiturates, chloral hydrate and other drugs, which were problematic due to reported toxicity and overdose. For instance diazepam and alprazolam are still known and available under their original trade name Valium ® and Xanax ®, respectively. In this group, there is a variety of drugs, which are often more widely known by their trademarked names whereas they are no longer protected by patents and are also sold as generics. ![]() Benzodiazepines are a group of prescription-only pharmaceutical drugs that have sedating/hypnotic and calming effects.
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